Sustainable Trends and Business Research
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description: Welcome to Sustainable Trends and Business Research, a premier research journal published by ResearchApt, a SECP registered firm dedicated to advancing research and development in society. At Sustainable Trends and Business Research, we are committed to exploring and promoting sustainable practices, trends, and innovations that drive positive change in both business and society. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to disseminate cutting-edge research findings, share insights, and engage in critical discussions on topics related to sustainability, business practices, and societal development. We invite researchers, academics, practitioners, and stakeholders from around the world to contribute their expertise and insights to Sustainable Trends and Business Research. Together, let us strive towards a more sustainable and equitable future for generations to come. Join us in our mission to catalyze research and development for a better tomorrow. Explore our latest publications, submit your manuscripts, and become part of our vibrant community dedicated to sustainability and societal progress. Together, we can make a difference. STBR does not charges any processing or submission fee.
publisher: ResearchApt
language: en
publication name: Sustainable Trends and Business Research
issn: 3007-0406
items: From Sustainable Innovation Strategy to Sustainable Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Management Accounting Information Systems
items: Does Internal Control Quality Constrain the Cash Holding Bias of Overconfident Managers? Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
items: Building Digital Resilience: How Smart Dynamic Capabilities Drive Transformation Performance in Turbulent Technological Landscapes
items: Driving Sustainable Project Success Through Sustainable Project Management: Unveiling the Roles of Stakeholder Engagement and Organizational Culture
items: A Dual-Theory Mediational Approach to Sustainable Behavior in the Context of Energy-Efficient Consumption
items: Navigating the Green Horizon: The Interplay of Green Innovation and Green Human Resource Strategies in Driving Sustainable Organizational Performance
items: Employees’ Negative Megaphoning in Response to Organizational Injustice: The Mediating Role of Perceived Incivility and Organizational Identification
items: Environmental, Social and Governance Practices and Organizational Sustainability: The Moderating Roles of Regulatory Quality and Stakeholder Pressure in Pakistan’s Textile and Apparel Industry
items: How Supplier Trust Enhances Environmental Sustainability: A Moderated Mediation Model of Green Supply Chain Integration and Information Sharing
items: Does Market Environment Foster Sustainable Competitiveness? The Mediating Role of Corporate Innovation in Chinese Private Firms
items: Green Servitization and Sustainability in Manufacturing: The Mediating Role of Circular Economy Practices and the Moderating Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance Compliance in Jordan
items: Linking Employee Ecological Behavior to Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Environmental Responsibility and the Moderating Role of Environmental Concern
items: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) Capability and Sustainability Orientation for Sustainable Performance: Mediating Role of Green Innovation in Malaysian Manufacturing Sector
items: Advancing Sustainable Energy Transitions in ASEAN Through Green Innovation, Technological Advancement, and Economic Freedom: Evidence from Panel ARDL Modeling
items: Eco-Centric Leadership and Green Innovation Behavior in Hospitality Industry: The Mediating Role of Psychological Green Climate and the Moderating Role of Environmental Self-Efficacy
items: Trade Credit Dynamics: Unveiling Key Determinants and Implications for Sustainable Business Growth
items: Driving Profitability Through Strategic Working Capital Management: Insights from Pakistan’s Textile Industry
items: Mastering Corporate Integrity: The Dynamic Relationship Between Board Independence and Financial Quality
items: Assessing Sustainability Disclosure Trends in State-Owned Enterprises:A Comprehensive Review
items: Managers’ Overconfidence and Corporate Cash Holding in China: The Interaction Effect of Product Market Competition
items: The Influence of Office Layout, Work Facilities, and Work Environment on Work Effectiveness of SPX Express Service Point Employees Tangerang Branch
items: Optimizing Accounting-Based Financial Performance: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility and Independent Board Structures in Pakistan
items: Exploring the Nexus Among Job Insecurity, Emotional Exhaustion and Job Embeddedness During COVID-19: Empirical Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling
items: Impact of Green Intellectual Capital and Environmental Management Accounting on Sustainable Performance: The Moderating Role of Stakeholder Pressure
items: Corporate Environmental Ethics: Catalyst for Green Innovation and Business Performance in Pakistan's Healthcare Manufacturing Sector
items: The Impact of Financial Development and Green Financing on Economic Growth: An ARDL Estimation
items: Impact of Succession Planning on Employees Performance: Mediating Role of Employees Engagement and Job Demands
items: Forging Sustainable Development: Exploring the Impact of Green Initiatives and Corporate Social Responsibility
items: Green Intellectual Capital Driving Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Ambidexterity and Moderating Influence of Environmental Ethics
items: Exploring the Mediating Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating Workplace Ostracism's Effect on Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Pakistan

From Sustainable Innovation Strategy to Sustainable Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Management Accounting Information Systems
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description: Sustainable innovation has become a strategic priority for organizations seeking long-term competitiveness and resilience. This study examines the relationships among sustainable innovation strategy, management accounting information systems, internal process performance, and sustainable financial performance in small and medium-sized enterprises in Pakistan. Data were collected from 329 employees and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that sustainable innovation strategy positively influences management accounting information systems, internal process performance, and sustainable financial performance. Furthermore, management accounting information systems significantly enhance internal process performance and sustainable financial performance while mediating the relationships between sustainable innovation strategy and organizational performance outcomes. These findings suggest that effective management accounting information systems enable organizations to translate sustainability-oriented innovation strategies into improved operational efficiency and sustainable financial performance through timely, accurate, and decision-relevant information. The study contributes to the sustainability and management accounting literature by demonstrating the strategic role of management accounting information systems in enhancing the performance benefits of sustainable innovation. Practically, the findings provide insights for managers, policymakers, and financial institutions seeking to promote sustainability-driven innovation and long-term organizational performance.
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creator: Faiz Muhammad
creator: Fatima Ali Rafaqat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 44
ending page: 56
doi: 10.70291/stbr.4.1.2026.61

Does Internal Control Quality Constrain the Cash Holding Bias of Overconfident Managers? Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
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description: Managerial overconfidence is an important behavioural factor influencing corporate financial decisions, yet limited evidence exists on the governance mechanisms that can mitigate its consequences. Drawing on agency theory and behavioural finance, this study examines the relationship between managerial overconfidence and corporate cash holdings and investigates the moderating role of internal control quality. Using a panel dataset of 768 Chinese A-share listed firms comprising 7,137 firm-year observations from 2015 to 2024, the study employs fixed-effects regression and System Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimation to address potential endogeneity. The findings indicate that managerial overconfidence is positively associated with corporate cash holdings, suggesting that overconfident managers tend to retain higher liquidity. More importantly, internal control quality significantly weakens this relationship, indicating that effective internal control systems constrain managerial behavioural bias and improve corporate financial decision-making. The results remain robust across alternative measures of managerial overconfidence and additional robustness tests. This study extends the behavioural finance and corporate governance literature by identifying internal control quality as an important governance mechanism that disciplines managerial overconfidence and enhances corporate liquidity management. The findings provide practical implications for boards of directors, regulators, and policymakers seeking to strengthen internal governance and improve corporate financial policies.
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creator: Yujing Zhang
creator: Wang Zhiet
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 18
ending page: 27
doi: 10.70291/stbr.4.1.2026.60

Building Digital Resilience: How Smart Dynamic Capabilities Drive Transformation Performance in Turbulent Technological Landscapes
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description: Despite substantial investments in digital technologies, many organizations struggle to convert these investments into successful digital transformation outcomes. Drawing on the Dynamic Capability View, this study examines how smart dynamic capabilities—comprising digital platform capabilities and big data analytics capabilities—enable organizations to develop digital resilience that enhances digital transformation performance. The study also investigates the moderating role of technological disruption intensity in shaping this relationship. A quantitative research design was employed using a questionnaire survey administered to employees in pharmaceutical firms in Pakistan. A total of 301 valid responses were collected and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling to test the proposed relationships among smart dynamic capabilities, digital resilience, technological disruption intensity, and digital transformation performance. The empirical results indicate that digital platforms and big data analytics capabilities positively influence digital transformation performance, with digital resilience as a mediating factor. The findings also reveal that technological disruption intensity negatively moderates the relationship between digital resilience and digital transformation performance, suggesting that excessive technological turbulence may weaken the positive impact of resilience on transformation outcomes. This study contributes to the digital transformation literature by extending the Dynamic Capability View by introducing smart dynamic capabilities as key drivers of digital resilience and transformation performance. It further provides new insights into how technological disruption conditions influence the effectiveness of resilience strategies in turbulent technological environments.
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creator: Shengjun Mei
creator: Haji Rizwan Ullah
creator: Safeer Ullah
creator: Jalal Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.70291/stbr.4.1.2026.59

Driving Sustainable Project Success Through Sustainable Project Management: Unveiling the Roles of Stakeholder Engagement and Organizational Culture
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description: Sustainable project management has become essential for delivering long-term economic, environmental, and social value. However, limited evidence explains how sustainable project management translates into sustainable project success, particularly in emerging economies. Drawing on stakeholder theory and contingency theory, this study examines the direct effect of sustainable project management on sustainable project success, the mediating role of stakeholder engagement, and the moderating role of organizational culture in Pakistan’s construction industry. Data were collected from 350 construction professionals using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Hayes’ PROCESS Macro. The results show that sustainable project management significantly enhances sustainable project success, both directly and indirectly through stakeholder engagement, confirming stakeholder engagement as a key explanatory mechanism. However, organizational culture does not significantly moderate either the relationship between sustainable project management and stakeholder engagement or the indirect relationship between sustainable project management and sustainable project success. This study contributes to the sustainable project management literature by integrating stakeholder theory and contingency theory into a unified framework and providing evidence from an emerging economy. The findings offer practical guidance for strengthening sustainable project outcomes through sustainability-oriented management practices and effective stakeholder engagement.
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creator: Fawad Ahmed
creator: Muhammad Waseem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 57
ending page: 69
doi: 10.70291/stbr.4.1.2026.58

A Dual-Theory Mediational Approach to Sustainable Behavior in the Context of Energy-Efficient Consumption
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description: Growing environmental concerns have intensified the need to understand the psychological factors driving consumers' adoption of energy-efficient appliances. This study develops an integrated behavioral framework by combining the value–belief–norm theory with the theory of planned behavior to explain consumers' purchase intentions in Pakistan. Using survey data collected from 500 consumers and examined through structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that attitude is the strongest predictor of purchase intention, whereas perceived behavioral control and subjective norms do not exert significant effects. In contrast, the value–belief–norm framework receives substantial empirical support, demonstrating that biospheric and altruistic values enhance awareness of environmental consequences, which subsequently strengthens ascription of responsibility and personal norms, ultimately fostering consumers' intentions to purchase energy-efficient appliances. These findings suggest that moral and value-driven considerations provide greater explanatory power than social influence and perceived behavioral control in this context. Moreover, this study extends existing knowledge on sustainable consumption and offers a more comprehensive understanding of pro-environmental purchase intentions in an emerging market. The findings provide valuable implications for policymakers, marketers, and manufacturers seeking to accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient appliances through strategies that strengthen environmental awareness, personal responsibility, and value-based consumer engagement.
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creator: Yusra Memon
creator: Syed Zaheer Bukhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 43
doi: 10.70291/stbr.4.1.2026.54

Navigating the Green Horizon: The Interplay of Green Innovation and Green Human Resource Strategies in Driving Sustainable Organizational Performance
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description: Nowadays firms are focusing on “going green” to protect the environment and achieve sustainable growth. Sustainable performance has become an area of interest when considering other corporate, economic, and financial goals. The goal of this investigation is to examine the impact of green human resources management (GHRM) practices on sustainable performance, with the mediating role of green innovation. Data were collected from 333 managers through online survey-based questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results show that green hiring, training, and motivation are positively and significantly associated with sustainable performance. Green innovation positively and significantly mediates the relationship between green hiring, green training, green motivation, and sustainable performance, while it is insignificant between practice management and sustainable performance. Finding recommended that firms executives balance sustainable performance with GHRM practices and policies to foster green processes and product innovation. Furthermore, GHRM practices represent the organization's strategic plan for sustainable prevention, enabling workers to exhibit environmentally friendly work habits that reduce pollution.
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creator: Rabia Aslam
creator: Naila Kausar
creator: Muhammad Tasneem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 91
ending page: 104
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.2.2025.53

Employees’ Negative Megaphoning in Response to Organizational Injustice: The Mediating Role of Perceived Incivility and Organizational Identification
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description: This study examines the mechanisms through which perceived organizational injustice influences employees’ engagement in negative megaphoning behaviors, with mediating roles of perceived incivility and organizational identification. Data were collected through a structured survey administered to 350 full-time employees working in various organizations across the Punjab region of Pakistan. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS, employing structural equation modeling to test the proposed relationships. The findings indicate that employees’ perceptions of interactional, distributive, and procedural injustice heighten experiences of workplace incivility, which subsequently increase the likelihood of negative megaphoning directed toward both internal and external audiences. Moreover, organizational injustice weakens employees’ organizational identification, reducing their psychological attachment to the organization and further encouraging the dissemination of negative information. These results highlight how unfair treatment not only deteriorates interpersonal workplace relations but also undermines employees’ willingness to protect organizational reputation. By integrating organizational justice, workplace incivility, and social identification perspectives, this study advances understanding of the psychological pathways linking injustice to harmful informal communication behaviors. Practically, the findings emphasize the importance of fair procedures, respectful interactions, and the cultivation of strong organizational identification to mitigate negative employee communication and promote healthier employee–organization relationships.
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creator: Alina Zulfiqar Ali
creator: Ishfaq Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 76
ending page: 90
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.2.2025.52

Environmental, Social and Governance Practices and Organizational Sustainability: The Moderating Roles of Regulatory Quality and Stakeholder Pressure in Pakistan’s Textile and Apparel Industry
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description: This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices on organizational sustainability in the textile and apparel sector of Pakistan. Drawing on institutional and stakeholder theories, the study further investigates the moderating roles of regulatory quality and stakeholder pressure. Using a census-based survey of firms registered with the All-Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA), data were collected from 197 managerial respondents and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results reveal that ESG practices have a significant positive effect on organizational sustainability, confirming the strategic role of integrated ESG implementation in enhancing economic, environmental, and social outcomes. While regulatory quality does not significantly moderate the relationship of ESG and organizational sustainability, while stakeholder pressure strengthens this relationship, highlighting the importance of external stakeholder influence in sustainability-sensitive industries. This study contributes to ESG literature by adopting a multidimensional, second-order construct approach and by providing context-specific evidence from Pakistan’s textile and apparel sector. The findings offer practical insights for managers and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable industrial development in emerging economies and align firm-level practices with global sustainability goals.
subject: Research Articles
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creator: Khurram Rehman
creator: Tauseef Ahmad
creator: Uzma Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 62
ending page: 75
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.2.2025.51

How Supplier Trust Enhances Environmental Sustainability: A Moderated Mediation Model of Green Supply Chain Integration and Information Sharing
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description: Environmental sustainability has become a strategic imperative for firms operating in resource-constrained emerging markets facing increasing regulatory scrutiny, supply chain risks, and stakeholder pressure. This study examines how supplier trust influences environmental sustainability performance in Pakistan’s pharmaceutical sector through a moderated mediation model, with green supply chain integration (GSCI) as a mediator and information sharing as a moderator. Drawing on signaling theory, we argue that supplier trust acts as a credible relational signal that reduces uncertainty and enables deeper green integration, thereby improving environmental sustainability outcomes. Data were collected through survey from 250 supply chain professionals and analyzed by using PROCESS Model 7 with 5,000 bootstrap resamples in SPSS. The findings show that supplier trust positively affects GSCI, which in turn enhances environmental sustainability performance. Information sharing further strengthens the indirect relationship between supplier trust and environmental sustainability through GSCI, with conditional indirect effects strongest at high levels of information sharing, providing evidence of moderated mediation. These results underscore the importance of trust-based supplier relationships and transparent information exchange in enabling effective green supply chain integration. Managerially, the study highlights fostering trustworthy partnerships and investing in information-sharing systems to support environmental initiatives. Theoretically, the research extends signaling theory by demonstrating how relational signals shape environmental sustainability performance.
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creator: Dr. Sara Omair
creator: Sabah Younus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 118
ending page: 128
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.2.2025.50

Does Market Environment Foster Sustainable Competitiveness? The Mediating Role of Corporate Innovation in Chinese Private Firms
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description: In the context of economic uncertainty and institutional transformation in emerging economies, understanding how market environments influence firm performance has become increasingly important. This study examines the impact of the market environment on the sustainable profitability of Chinese private firms, with particular emphasis on the mediating role of corporate innovation. Using panel data from 4,635 Chinese private firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges during 2015–2024, this study employs fixed-effects panel regression and a two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach to address potential endogeneity. The results show that a favorable market environment such as government governance quality, legal system development, financial assistance, and openness to international trade significantly enhances firm sustainable profitability. Firm innovation plays a partial mediating role, indicating that improved institutional conditions stimulate innovation, which in turn contributes to sustainable profitability. These findings remain robust after controlling for firm-level and regional factors. This study contributes to the literature by integrating transaction cost theory and the resource-based view to explain how institutional quality affects firm performance through innovation mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing market environments and innovation-supporting institutions to promote the long-term competitiveness and sustainable development of private enterprises in emerging economies.
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creator: Xiaoran Wang
creator: Jiajia Liu
creator: Mengtian Mu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 105
ending page: 117
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.2.2025.49

Green Servitization and Sustainability in Manufacturing: The Mediating Role of Circular Economy Practices and the Moderating Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance Compliance in Jordan
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description: As environmental concerns and stakeholder expectations continue to grow, manufacturers are under increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices. Green servitization involves integrating environmentally friendly services into traditional product offerings, has emerged as a promising strategy to support both economic and environmental objectives. However, little is known about how green servitization contributes to sustainability performance in emerging economies, particularly when considering the roles of circular economy practices and environmental, social, and governance compliance. This study investigates these relationships within the Jordanian manufacturing sector. Drawing on the natural resource-based view, the study examines whether circular economy practices mediate the relationship between green servitization and sustainability performance, and whether environmental, social, and governance compliance moderates this relationship. Data were collected from 214 manufacturing firms and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that green servitization positively influences sustainability performance both directly and indirectly through circular economy practices. Furthermore, the positive impact of green servitization on sustainability is stronger in firms with higher levels of environmental, social, and governance compliance. These results highlight the importance of aligning strategic innovation, operational circularity, and institutional responsibility to achieve meaningful sustainability outcomes in resource-constrained industrial contexts such as Jordan.
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creator: Firas Nawwaf Barhoom
creator: Ghada Khalaf Suboh Alsakarneh
creator: Reem Awni Almetrami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 49
ending page: 61
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.1.2025.41

Linking Employee Ecological Behavior to Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Environmental Responsibility and the Moderating Role of Environmental Concern
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description: This study investigates how employees' ecological behavior influences environmental performance, focusing on the mediating role of environmental responsibility and the moderating effect of environmental concern. Data were collected from 339 employees working in hotel chains situated in the tourism regions of Pakistan. Empirical analysis using structural equation modeling techniques, indicate that employees who engage in ecological behaviors significantly contribute to higher levels of environmental responsibility. In turn, this sense of responsibility leads to improved environmental performance. Furthermore, the study finds that when employees exhibit a strong concern for environmental issues, the positive impact of ecological behavior on environmental performance is further amplified. These findings have practical, theoretical, and policy-level implications. Theoretically, the research extends the understanding of environmental citizenship behavior by establishing the mechanism through which ecological behavior affects organizational environmental outcomes. Practically, it highlights the importance of fostering ecological values and a sense of responsibility among employees to achieve better environmental performance. At the policy level, the study offers guidance for developing environmentally responsible workplace practices and frameworks that promote environmental awareness and accountability across organizational settings.
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creator: Abdullahi Ndagi
creator: Sara Omair
creator: Noordeeyany Kamal Suradee
creator: Syed Ali Anzar-ul-Hassan Gilani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 36
ending page: 48
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.1.2025.40

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) Capability and Sustainability Orientation for Sustainable Performance: Mediating Role of Green Innovation in Malaysian Manufacturing Sector
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description: This study examines the influence of artificial intelligence capability and sustainability orientation on sustainable performance, with green innovation capability serving as a mediating variable. Grounded in the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities theory, and knowledge-based view, the research develops an integrated model to understand how digital transformation and strategic sustainability orientation contribute to long-term environmental and organizational outcomes. Data were collected from 197 respondents representing medium and large manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The findings reveal that artificial intelligence capability has a significant positive impact on both green innovation and sustainable performance. While sustainability orientation positively influences green innovation, it does not have a direct effect on sustainable performance. However, green innovation capability significantly enhances sustainable performance and mediates the effects of both artificial intelligence capability and sustainability orientation. These results highlight the importance of green innovation as a critical mechanism through which digital capabilities and strategic sustainability efforts are translated into measurable performance outcomes. The study contributes to theory by linking technological and sustainability constructs and offers practical guidance for manufacturing firms aiming to align innovation, digital transformation, and sustainability goals in emerging economies.
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creator: Rami Abed Hmaidan
creator: Hafiz Ihsan ur Rehman
creator: Imran Akram
creator: Afnan Ali Mahmoud Zuagaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 22
ending page: 35
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.1.2025.39

Advancing Sustainable Energy Transitions in ASEAN Through Green Innovation, Technological Advancement, and Economic Freedom: Evidence from Panel ARDL Modeling
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description: This research investigates the impact of green and technological innovations, and economic freedom on the utilization of sustainable energy in ASEAN countries over the period from 1995 to 2023. Employing panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) modeling in EViews, the study explores these variables' dynamic and long-term relationships. The results demonstrate that green innovation significantly and positively affects sustainable energy utilization, underscoring the critical role of environmentally friendly technological advancements in enhancing energy sustainability. Technological innovations and economic freedom also exhibit positive associations with sustainable energy adoption, indicating that technological advancements and a liberal economic environment contribute to the increased use of renewable energy sources. The findings highlight that ASEAN countries must prioritize green innovation-oriented policies that can effectively drive sustainable energy utilization. These countries can support institutional green development and foster a more sustainable energy landscape by translating green innovations into practical applications. Additionally, the findings emphasize the importance of directing economic growth capital towards sustainable energy projects. This can be achieved by expanding and reforming existing policies to better align with sustainable development goals. The research provides several important recommendations for policymakers in the ASEAN region.
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creator: Ali Haider Sultan
creator: Sana Gull
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 13
ending page: 21
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.1.2025.38

Eco-Centric Leadership and Green Innovation Behavior in Hospitality Industry: The Mediating Role of Psychological Green Climate and the Moderating Role of Environmental Self-Efficacy
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description: In response to the growing urgency of sustainability in the service sector, this study investigates the role of eco-centric leadership in promoting green innovation behavior among employees in the Sri Lankan hospitality industry. Drawing on social exchange theory and social cognitive theory, the study examines the mediating role of psychological green climate and the moderating role of environmental self-efficacy. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 237 employees working in environmentally certified hotels and resorts. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study found that eco-centric leadership significantly predicts both green innovation behavior and psychological green climate. Psychological green climate showed a positive direct effect on green innovation behavior and partially mediates the relationship between eco-centric leadership and green innovation behavior. However, the expected moderating effect of environmental self-efficacy on the psychological green climate and green innovation behavior link was not supported. This study contributes to the sustainability leadership literature by unpacking the psychological mechanisms through which leadership affects pro-environmental behavior. Practically, the findings urge managers to balance green policies with autonomy and foster leadership that both models and enables sustainable innovation. The study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reinforcing the need for behaviorally driven approaches to environmental transformation in the hospitality sector.
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creator: Ahamed Lebbe Sarifudeen
creator: Ameera Niyas
creator: Sowmya Kudanthai Ramalingam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.70291/stbr.3.1.2025.37

Trade Credit Dynamics: Unveiling Key Determinants and Implications for Sustainable Business Growth
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description: This study investigates the key determinants of net trade credit among firms in Pakistan, analyzing the influence of factors such as current assets, cash balance, collateral, equity, growth, stock, operating cycle, return on assets, return on equity, firm size, firm age, and leverage. Using an eight-year data set (2018-2023) from 35 leading companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, the study employs EViews for statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The heteroscedasticity test was applied to address data variability issues. The findings reveal that most of the determinants positively and significantly influence net trade credit, with a notable impact from current assets, stock, collateral, ROA, ROE, firm age, and firm size. However, cash balance demonstrated a significant and positive relationship with net trade credit. Conversely, other factors such as leverage showed negative, insignificant effects. This research offers valuable insights for managers, policymakers, and researchers by contributing to the understanding of trade credit dynamics and emphasizing the importance of strategic financial management for sustainable business growth. The study highlights the role of corporate financial practices in fostering long-term sustainability in emerging markets like Pakistan.
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creator: Yamna
creator: Muhammad Irfan Khan
creator: Khurram Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 76
ending page: 87
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.2.2024.27

Driving Profitability Through Strategic Working Capital Management: Insights from Pakistan’s Textile Industry
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description: Efficient management of working capital is essential for ensuring financial stability and enhancing profitability, particularly in industries that are capital-intensive, such as textiles. This study investigates the relationship between working capital management and profitability within the textile industry, utilizing data from ten firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2019 to 2023. The study employs the Ordinary Least Squares regression model to analyze the impact of key working capital metrics—such as average payment period, inventory turnover, average collection period, and cash conversion cycle—on performance indicators, including return on assets, return on equity, and return on capital employed. The findings reveal that a shorter cash conversion cycle and faster receivables collection significantly improve firm profitability. Additionally, longer accounts payable periods and higher inventory turnover are also positively linked with enhanced financial performance. These results underscore the importance of optimizing working capital components for achieving operational efficiency and sustaining profitability. This study not only contributes to the existing literature by addressing a research gap in the context of the textile industry, but also provides valuable managerial and policy insights. Furthermore, the findings have broader implications for promoting sustainable business practices, supporting the efficient use of resources, and contributing to global sustainability goals.
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creator: Gul Mehak
creator: Alina Zulfiqar Ali
creator: Aleeza Afreen
creator: Hamad Ahmad Ansari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 107
ending page: 117
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.2.2024.25

Mastering Corporate Integrity: The Dynamic Relationship Between Board Independence and Financial Quality
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description: The quality of financial reporting is increasingly scrutinized in the context of corporate governance, particularly with respect to board independence. This study explores the relation among board independence and financial reporting quality, an area of growing interest as stakeholders demands greater transparency in corporate financial practices. Board independence is hypothesized to increase the quality of financial reporting by mitigating conflicts of interest and increasing accountability. This research employs a bibliometric approach to review 66 journal articles published between 1995 and 2020, focusing on the social sciences and business disciplines. Using the bibliometric 3.0 package in R-studio, we carry out a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to identify key sources, influential authors, and the evolution of research themes. Our findings indicate a rising focus on the impact of board independence on financial reporting, with significant attention to the role of independent audit committees and the importance of diversity in board composition. We also observe an increasing number of studies on how board independence affects company transparency and earnings management. This paper offers important implications for policymakers, investors, and corporate governance researchers, emphasizing the need to strengthen board independence practices to enhance financial reporting quality and corporate transparency.
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creator: Sayyid Salman Rizavi
creator: Wasim Ul Rehman
creator: Kamran Ali
creator: Amna Arshad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 88
ending page: 106
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.2.2024.24

Assessing Sustainability Disclosure Trends in State-Owned Enterprises:A Comprehensive Review
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description: Sustainability disclosure is increasingly important as stakeholders demand transparency in organizations' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. State-owned enterprises (SOEs), particularly in developing countries, face distinct challenges in sustainability reporting due to governance structures and political influences. Despite their significant role in many economies, the quality and extent of SOE disclosures remain underexplored. This study reviews 138 journal articles from 1991 to 2021, examining sustainability disclosures in SOEs using bibliometric analysis via the biblioshiny interface. Key sources, authors, countries, and research themes were identified, with core publications categorized through Bradford’s Law. The findings show a growing emphasis on ESG metrics, corporate governance, and environmental responsibility. The Journal of Cleaner Production and Meditari Accountancy Research were identified as the most impactful journals. The USA leads in publication output, while Spain has the highest citation impact. The study also reveals research gaps, such as the need for sector-specific studies and further exploration into the alignment between reported sustainability efforts and actual practices. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers, offering a roadmap for future studies on SOE sustainability disclosures.
subject: Research Articles
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creator: Khoula Naseer
creator: Saira Arshad
creator: Amna Arshad
creator: Muhammad Rehan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 56
ending page: 75
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.1.2024.18

Managers’ Overconfidence and Corporate Cash Holding in China: The Interaction Effect of Product Market Competition
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description: Traditional corporate finance theory holds that people are entirely rational. However, psychological research shows that people are not wholly rational, which means that when people make decisions, their beliefs and preferences usually produce systematic biases manifested by behavioral characteristics such as overconfidence and loss avoidance. Therefore, managers' behaviors can be influenced to some extent by their psychological characteristics, implying that managers are not entirely rational. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between managers' overconfidence and corporate cash holding decisions in Chinese listed companies. This study also investigated the influence of market product competition on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and corporate cash-holding decisions. This study used the data of the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2010-2022 as the sample and applied FEM and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for analyzing the data. The empirical results show that managers’ overconfidence have the positive correlation with cash holding. Therefore, managers tend to hold more cash for internal financing. However, this positive relationship can be alleviated by product market competition. This study will assist enterprises in developing a comprehensive and effective enterprise cash-holding plan to assist companies in making scientific cash-holding decisions.
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creator: Le Bo
creator: Jia Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 45
ending page: 55
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.1.2024.17

The Influence of Office Layout, Work Facilities, and Work Environment on Work Effectiveness of SPX Express Service Point Employees Tangerang Branch
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description: This study aims to analyze the influence of office layout, work facilities, and work environment on work effectiveness. This study used quantitative descriptive approach as a method. The population in this study were employees of SPX Express Service Point Tangerang Branch, which consisted of 40 people. The sampling method used was saturated sample. The data was collected using survey, with the questionnaire as the instrument. The data were analyzed by using the SEM-PLS method with the SmartPLS program. The result of this study proves that office layout and work environment have a positive and significant effect on work effectiveness. Meanwhile, work facilities do not have a significant effect on work effectiveness.
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creator: Eri Marlapa
creator: Tiara Hidayanti Santoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 44
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.1.2024.12

Optimizing Accounting-Based Financial Performance: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility and Independent Board Structures in Pakistan
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description: This study investigates the impact of CSR and independent boards on firm performance using the theory of stewardship. The study uses panel data of the top 30 companies listed on the Stock Exchange during the period 2017-23. Data were collected yearly from the publications of the companies, such as balance sheets and other reports. The study finds a positive relationship between independent boards and companies’ performance. It shows the importance of corporate governance for a limited board structure when the members are increased up to the limit the performance of the company is reduced and may be an external member who lacks expertise regarding the company’s internal system. However, the relationship between CSR and company performance is negative. This study indicated in Pakistani's context that the performance of that company will be good, with a fair number of independent members. Because there are fewer rules and regulations to protect investors in Pakistan, independent members work sufficiently in the interest of investors. For companies that make CSR in the form of philanthropic donations or money, their performance is reduced Because CSR does not reach deserved people, and the company does not get any special value in the minds of the public.
subject: Research Articles
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creator: Faiqa Masood
creator: Lubna
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 35
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.1.2024.14

Exploring the Nexus Among Job Insecurity, Emotional Exhaustion and Job Embeddedness During COVID-19: Empirical Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling
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description: The COVID-19 outbreak has drastically affected educational institutes. The current study, based on the Conservation of Resources Theory examines the effect of COVID-19 on job insecurity and emotional exhaustion among the teaching staff of Pakistan. Moreover, moderating effect of job embeddedness has been investigated. A quantitative method was used to collect the data from 231 respondents by using an online questionnaire. Two statistical software SPSS and AMOS were used to check the data analysis and Structural Equation Modelling was applied to locate the direct, mediating, and moderating effect. Results indicated that fear of COVID- 19 was positively associated with emotional exhaustion and job insecurity. The indirect effect of fear of COVID-19 on emotional exhaustion among the teaching staff was also found significant. The moderating role of job embeddedness on the positive relation of job insecurity and job embeddedness was not proved in this study. The implication from this study indicated that educational institutes should educate their employees on how they can use protective measures to reduce their risk to get through emotional breakdown and exhaustion during COVID-19.
subject: Research Articles
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creator: Mahnoor Ashfaq
creator: Sadaf Naveed
creator: Muhammad Faizan Arshad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 27
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.1.2024.1

Impact of Green Intellectual Capital and Environmental Management Accounting on Sustainable Performance: The Moderating Role of Stakeholder Pressure
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description: This study investigates the impact of green intellectual capital—specifically, green relational capital (GRC), green human capital (GHC), and green structural capital (GSC)—on the sustainable performance of firms in Pakistan. It further examines the mediating role of environmental management accounting (EMA) in the relationship between green intellectual capital and sustainable performance, while also exploring stakeholder pressure as a moderator in this relationship. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS v.4.0.0 software. The findings reveal that while GHC and GRC show positive but insignificant relationships with sustainable performance, GSC has a significant positive impact. EMA is found to have a significant positive relationship with sustainable performance and serves as a significant mediator between GHC and sustainable performance, as well as between GRC and sustainable performance. However, EMA’s mediating effect on the relationship between GSC, and sustainable performance is insignificant. Additionally, stakeholder pressure significantly moderates the relationship between EMA and sustainable performance. The study offers valuable insights for scholars and industry professionals seeking to enhance sustainability performance and achieve a competitive advantage in the industry.
subject: Research Articles
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creator: Aiman Noor
creator: Asifa Bano
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 01
ending page: 14
doi: 10.70291/stbr.2.1.2024.15

Corporate Environmental Ethics: Catalyst for Green Innovation and Business Performance in Pakistan's Healthcare Manufacturing Sector
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description: This empirical study investigates the intricate relationships between corporate environmental ethics, green innovation, and business performance within Pakistan's healthcare manufacturing sector. Utilizing survey data from 30 manufacturing firms, the research examines how green innovation impacts financial and environmental performance, with a specific focus on the mediating role of corporate environmental ethics. Furthermore, the study explores the moderating influence of environmental uncertainty on the relationship between green innovation and success in economic and environmental domains. Results indicate that robust corporate environmental ethics significantly enhance environmental performance, while green innovation coupled with such ethics contributes positively to economic performance. Moreover, environmental uncertainty moderates the effects of green innovation on both economic and environmental performance outcomes. These findings offer valuable insights for decision-makers aiming to navigate the complexities of sustainable business practices, particularly within the context of Pakistan's healthcare manufacturing sector.
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creator: Ayesha Yaseen
creator: Saira Arshad
creator: Sharaf Salem Mohammad Al-Hyasat
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 115
ending page: 129
doi: 10.70291/stbr.1.2.2023.11

The Impact of Financial Development and Green Financing on Economic Growth: An ARDL Estimation
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description: This research investigates the influence of financial development and green financing on Pakistan's economic growth. Financial development is assessed through two sub-dimensions: financial value added by manufacturing and financial value added by services. Additionally, population and education serve as control variables to assess their impact on economic growth. Data from 1990 to 2020 was utilized for analysis using EViews v10 in Time series. Statistical tests including descriptive statistics, F-bound cointegration tests, and ARDL models were employed to test hypotheses. Diagnostic tests were also conducted to ensure data clarity and generalizability. The findings reveal that financial development positively and significantly affects economic growth in both the short and long run. Moreover, green financing demonstrates a positive and significant impact on long-term economic growth but remains insignificant in the short term. Findings suggest that fostering financial development, and integrating green financing initiatives into economic policies can further bolster sustainable development efforts, aligning with global environmental goals. Policymakers can use these insights to design targeted strategies aimed at leveraging financial sector growth and sustainable financing practices to enhance Pakistan's economic resilience and prosperity. Nevertheless, this study is limited by its focus solely on Pakistan, with only 31 yearly observations. Future research could enhance the study's applicability by utilizing panel data from various countries.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sana Gull
creator: Tamsila Farid
creator: Zunaira Maqsood
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 101
ending page: 114
doi: 10.70291/stbr.1.2.2023.10

Impact of Succession Planning on Employees Performance: Mediating Role of Employees Engagement and Job Demands
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description: This study investigates the relationships among succession planning practices (SPP), employee engagement (EE), job demands (JD), and employee performance (EP) within the higher education landscape of Pakistan. Utilizing a survey-based approach, the research focuses on teaching staff as the primary sample group. A sample of 312 teaching professionals was obtained from various higher education institutions. Data collection involved self-administrative questionnaire, and structural equation modeling (SEM) utilized to analyze the study hypotheses. The findings indicate significant impact of SPP on EP, with EE and JD identified as significant mediating factors in this association. Importantly, all hypothesized relationships are empirically supported, contributing substantively to the academic understanding. The study advocates for the adoption of robust succession planning mechanisms by university administrations to optimize teacher performance. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity of agile policymaking to facilitate internal talent mobility and mitigate reliance on external recruitment. Moreover, the research underscores the importance of effective talent management strategies in addressing unforeseen retirements, offering cost-efficient alternatives to recruitment and development while nurturing internal career progression pathways.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sajaan Arif
creator: Muhammad Irfan Khan
creator: Farhat Abbas
creator: Tahir Javaid
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 88
ending page: 100
doi: 10.70291/stbr.1.2.2023.9

Forging Sustainable Development: Exploring the Impact of Green Initiatives and Corporate Social Responsibility
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description: In today's industrial landscape, businesses are increasingly recognizing the importance of integrating environmentally sustainable strategies to maintain competitiveness considering escalating environmental concerns. This study investigates the relationship between green practices, corporate social responsibility (CSR), managerial support, and sustainable business performance within Pakistan's service sector. Grounded in the resource-based view and stakeholder theory, the research employs a quantitative approach, surveying 506 participants across managerial levels from service sector. The findings underscore a positive correlation between green practices, CSR adherence, and sustainable performance. Notably, managerial support plays a pivotal role in translating green initiatives and CSR commitments into tangible sustainable outcomes. The widespread adoption of eco-friendly technologies within the service sector signifies a broader industry-wide shift towards sustainability. This study contributes valuable insights for academia, policymakers, industry professionals, and organizational leaders, shedding light on effective strategies for sustainable business practices. By aligning green initiatives with CSR objectives and leveraging managerial support, enterprises can position themselves as leaders in sustainable performance, thereby fostering value creation while addressing environmental challenges.
subject: Research Articles
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creator: Alina Zulfiqar Ali
creator: Irtiqua Ameer
creator: Sara Faisal
creator: Hamza Rauf
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 76
ending page: 87
doi: 10.70291/stbr.1.2.2023.8

Green Intellectual Capital Driving Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Ambidexterity and Moderating Influence of Environmental Ethics
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description: This empirical investigation explores the relationship between Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) and Environmental Performance (EP) within Pakistan’s pharmaceutical industry. Employing quantitative methods and data form 286 respondents, findings reveal a positive correlation between GIC and EP. The significant and positive association between GIC and Green Ambidextrous Innovation (GAI) unveils a novel pathway for leveraging intellectual capital to foster innovation in environmentally sustainable practices within organizations. Moreover, the study underscores the pivotal role of GAI in enhancing EP, emphasizing its potential as a catalyst for environmental performance improvement. The observed moderating effect of GAI on the relationship between GIC and EP highlights the importance of cultivating ambidextrous capabilities to fully harness the benefits of intellectual capital for environmental sustainability. Additionally, the interaction between Environmental Ethics (EE) and GAI reveals s strong effect, underscoring the significance of ethical considerations in shaping organizational responses to environmental challenges. These findings offer valuable insights for scholars and industry practitioners, informing strategies for enhancing environmental performance and competitive advantage in the pharmaceutical sector, while contributing to the academic discourse on green innovation and corporate sustainability.
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creator: Kiran Fatima
creator: Aansa Ahmed
creator: Mahnoor
creator: Ali Haider Sultan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 62
ending page: 75
doi: 10.70291/stbr.1.2.2023.7

Exploring the Mediating Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating Workplace Ostracism's Effect on Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Pakistan
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description: Workplace ostracism, characterized by the intentional or unintentional disregard and neglect of employees by their colleagues or senior management, poses significant challenges to organizational harmony and employee retention. This study aims to investigate the potential of mindfulness in ameliorating the adverse effects of ostracism, thereby reducing turnover rates. Through a survey of 256 employees in the banking sector of Pakistan, we examine whether mindfulness facilitates employees' resilience to workplace ostracism and their subsequent decision to remain within the organization. Utilizing structural equation modeling in IBM-AMOS, findings reveal that workplace ostracism positively and significantly influences turnover intention, while exhibiting a negative and significant relationship with mindfulness. Furthermore, mindfulness demonstrates a negative association with turnover intention, suggesting its potential as a buffer against the detrimental impacts of ostracism. These results offer valuable insights for organizational management and policymakers seeking to enhance employee well-being and reduce turnover rates. By fostering a culture of active mindfulness, organizations can empower employees to navigate challenges associated with workplace ostracism, ultimately fostering greater engagement and retention. Responsible managers can leverage these findings to cultivate factors that promote mindfulness among employees, thereby fostering a more supportive and inclusive work environment conducive to long-term organizational success.
subject: Research Articles
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creator: Memona Sadia
creator: Khola Rasool
creator: Dilshad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by ResearchApt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 53
ending page: 61
doi: 10.70291/stbr.1.1.2023.6